Knee pain is extremely common, particularly as we get older. Many people worry about what their symptoms mean, especially when discomfort starts to interfere with walking, work, or everyday tasks.
In this article, a radiotherapy specialist explains the key signs of knee osteoarthritis, why they occur, and when it may be time to seek specialist advice.
What is knee osteoarthritis?
Knee osteoarthritis is a condition in which the surface of the cartilage that cushions the knee joint gradually becomes rougher and thinner. This means that the joint doesn’t move as smoothly any more. This can cause changes in the joint that lead to knee pain, stiffness, and swelling.
Although it can affect anyone, it is most common in women and people over the age of 50, those with a history of knee injury, and people who are overweight or regularly place high stress on their joints.
Common symptoms of knee osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis can present in several ways, and the symptoms often develop gradually, making them easy to overlook at first.
- Pain during movement
One of the earliest and most recognisable signs is pain when walking, climbing stairs, or getting up from a chair. This occurs because the joint surfaces no longer glide smoothly.
People often describe this pain as a deep ache inside the knee.
- Morning stiffness
Stiffness that lasts for less than 30 minutes after waking is a hallmark of osteoarthritis. This occurs when the joint becomes less lubricated overnight. The stiffness usually eases once you start moving.
- Swelling around the knee
Inflammation inside the joint can lead to swelling, which may vary throughout the day. Swelling often worsens after standing or walking for long periods.
- Grinding, clicking or crunching sensations
These sensations, known as crepitus, occur when roughened joint surfaces move against each other. They are not always a cause for alarm on their own but can indicate thinning cartilage.
- Reduced movement and flexibility
Many people notice that bending or fully straightening the knee becomes harder. This can make activities such as kneeling, squatting, or getting in and out of cars more challenging.
